Ngakhale Nylon ali ndi katundu wabwino kwambiri komanso makina opanga, komanso amakhalanso ndi madontho osinthana ndi madontho a madontho osungunuka nthawi yomwe ili ndi chitetezo. Zowonjezera zolumikizira za nylon zimayesedwa ndi mtunda wa V-0 wa Ul-94, mtengo woposa 24%. Chifukwa chake, njira yatsopano yamphamvu ya nayiloni yakhala mutu wotentha womwe wadzutsa nkhawa zambiri za dziko lonse lapansi.
Chiyu.1
Chithunzi patsamba: Webian Webusayiti Yovomerezeka
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi chitukuko cha dziko lonse lapansi, mawu obiriwira padziko lonse lapansi ndi ochulukirapo, kutetezedwa kwamphamvu kwa mpweya Green chilengedwe chobwezeretsa champhamvu chokhazikika champhamvu kwambiri, chosasunthika, chosasunthika, chosatetezedwa ndi chilengedwe tsopano ndi chitsogozo chachikulu pakukula kwa mafakitale atsopano ku China. Chithunzi 2 ndi chithunzi chojambulidwa cha polymer pocheza.
CHITH. 2 Chithunzi chojambulidwa cha polymer coche
CHITH. 3 Polypetrochemical Halogen-Free Flamerent Pa66, Pa6 Olumikizira, Othamanga
CHITH. 4 Flame Retarday Nylon pa Sanyang Magetsi Magalimoto
Ⅰ.Mitundu ya Flame Obwebweta
Maluwa owonjezera owonjezera ndi moto wokwera zomwe angalepheretse kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zoyaka ndikulepheretsa kufala kwamoto.
Mpaka pamsika wamakono ku China, zopangidwa ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera zomwe zimakhalapo pamsika wamakono zomwe zimayambitsa mtundu wonsewo ndipo nthawi zonse pamakhala mukutsutsana pamsika ku China. Ngakhale ukadaulo wa zida zowonjezera polima ndikusavuta poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe, zitha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zalamwa zam'manja mobwerezabwereza. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa mitundu yatsopano ya moto wobwezeredwa ndi kupangidwa ndi kochulukirapo.
Komabe, ndizosavuta kuyambitsa kapena kusokoneza mphamvu ndikusintha mapangidwe a zinthuzo komanso zowonjezera zapadera komanso zofooka zazikuluzikulu zomwe sizingatheke ndi mtengo wabwino kwambiri.
Makhalidwe a lawi zobwezeretsanso ndizakuti amatha kupeza kutentha pang'ono, kokhazikika komanso khola Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa zojambulajambula ndi kutsika kwazinthu zopangidwa ndi zotsika mtengo, ndipo zotsatira za mawonekedwe osakanikirako zakuthambo ndi zazing'ono, koma zopangidwa ndizovuta kwambiri komanso sizophweka.
Malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zam'mtundu wa lalanda, moto wovuta kwambiri kungakhale wogawika mu mndandanda wa bromine, chlorine Malinga ndi gulu komanso muyezo wa chinthucho chimachepetsedwa kuti chikhale chovuta, zinthu zambiri zitha kugawidwa kukhala General Romard Flamentant ndi Flamer Flarday Flandant.
Chifiniro
Chithunzi cha Chithunzi: Webusayiti Yovomerezeka ya Emperor
M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, wokonza bwino kwambiri komanso wopanda mphamvu, kupanga mawonekedwe osalala, fulu lamphamvu kwambiri.
Ⅱ.Pa kugwiritsa ntchito Flamertard ku Polyamidide
1.Itorganic Flame Retard
Atorganic Flame Retard amatanthauza ngati semi-zachilengedwe komanso zachilengedwe zowonjezera zowonjezera, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu kudzakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Pakadali pano, mg (oh) 2, al (o) 3 ndi ena a hydroxider atsopano omwe ali ndi mtundu watsopano wa flarday okweramo omwe ndi ntchito zazikuluzikulu zaku China.
Kutenga Mg (O) 2 Monga chitsanzo, limakhala ndi ntchito zopititsa patsogolo, lawi lamoto lokhazikika komanso kupembedzera. Mitundu yayikulu ya maxidation ndi lalandard imachita mosiyanasiyana:
Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi otentha otsika madzi omwe amatulutsidwa pambuyo poti azolowere, zitha kupezekanso kwa mpweya wambiri komanso kuyika gawo lazowonjezera, ndikulepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa matenthedwe ochulukirapo. Nthawi yomweyo, kutentha kwambiri kwa oxilectory oxisic kufotanso ndi ma oxidant okopa kwambiri a Flame-Readant Act a Flamar, omwe amatulutsa mpweya wambiri wa oxygen komanso kudutsa kutentha kwambiri.
Pamwamba pa ma polymer zida za polymer zimatha kukhala oxidized kuti mupange filimu yopanda photo ya kutentha ndi kutentha, flamer retarday ndi abwanamwitsa.
Mkuyu.6 itorganiac flamerent
Mtundu wa itoric wa itorganic flament wowonjezera ku zida za polymer sikuti, ndipo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa polymer opangidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri komanso moyenera.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya zinthu zingapo zatsopano zotayika ndizovuta kwambiri, Boric phosphate p-ammonium chloride, sodium borax ndi zina. Jin Xefen et al. Adauzanso zinthu ziwiri monga Nylon ndipo nylon 66 adawonjezeredwa ndi hypophosphate kuti apititse motowolala. Kafukufukuyu adayang'ana pa zigawo zitatu za Ferric Oxide (Feya2) ndi zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa Flamerdies ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zokhazikika ndi zida zamoto komanso zomwe zimachitika.
Chifukwa cha kusanthula kwa Conce Calrorimeter deta, kusanthula kwa Pyrulysis Deaced deta ndi kusanthula kofananira kwa zolaula zakumwamba, kupezeka kodziwikiratu, moto wogwira mtima komanso wokhalitsa dongosolo la Flathosphate komanso kupititsa patsogolo. Kuphatikiza kwamphamvu komanso kosatha kutsekereza kwa carbonar yosanja kolimba kumalepheretsa mphamvu yotsekereza kapena kuvulaza kwa mamolekyulu owononga kapena kuvulaza kwa mamolekyulu otchinga.
Mkuyu.7 Nylon Flame Wobwezeretsera
Chithunzithunzi: Webusayiti Yovomerezeka ya Zida Zatsopano Zatsopano
Ndi exolit op 1312 ml lalanda relearnay grea66 (kuchuluka kwa galasi) okwera kwambiri kuposa bps ndi rp flame releardant.Tach ndi mphamvu mphamvu zimachepetsedwa ndi 20% poyerekeza ndi zinthu zakuya ndi mawonekedwe amtundu ndi kuwonekerako. Poyerekeza ndi BPS ndi RP Flamerey Gripa66, monga momwe amaganizira mobwerezabwereza, kusuta mobwerezabwereza, kusuta fodya, la exolit op 1312
Ndi kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kwa zowonjezera za halogen-fluved owonjezera, lawi lamphamvu kwambiri za zida za UL94 za zida zolimbitsa zida monga yylon nthawi yowonjezereka. Pamene gawo lonse la Flame retard limangokhala 20% pafupifupi 20% pafupifupi, mu ntchentche yokhazikika ya ul94
Levchik et al. Ntchito ya phosphorous yofiirayo ndi photophorous yofiira ndi mitundu ina yosiyanasiyana yowonjezera mu nylon 6 ali ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsira moto wobwezeretsanso moto ndi lalanda.
Lvchickv adawonjezera magawo atatu a Red phosphorous ndi gawo limodzi la mg (oh) 2 ndi hitchers zowonjezera zowonjezera mu nylon, motsatana. Zolemba zonse ziwiri zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi 20% ~ 50% ya voliyumu yonse yamitu. Zitha kuwonetsetsa kuti zisonyezo zokwanira za kupanga ndi mtundu wa zinthu zitha kukhala zabwinoko, ndipo gawo lazinthu zam'madzi za ku China zitha kupitirira kapena zofunitsa za polymer zomwe zidapangidwa ndi magetsi.
2.
2.1 phosphoous flaments
Mu nthiti wa phosphate lyphantant zojambula, nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa mu zinthu zoyambira zomwe zili ndi zida za phosphan-zaulere zomwe zili ndi zopinga zopanda phossete zokhala zokha kapena zimakhala ndi mankhwala ochepa.
Mpukutu wa phosphoous
Chithunzi patsamba: Tiayi mankhwala Webusayiti
Zogulitsa zomwe sizikusintha
Tritheenyl Polypholopha, Inootriazole Toliene Sulfoonate Tolophete Sulfoonate Tososphate, Woyesa phosphate ndi ena osowa a polyphosphate okhala ndi zochulukirapo. Komabe, chifukwa ali ndi zinthu zambiri, zinthu zopanda ntchito zoseweretsa zimakhalanso ndi zolakwika zambiri, monga zosungunulira kwambiri, kutentha kochepa komanso kutentha kwakanthawi kokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito osawoneka bwino. Chifukwa chake, ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito m'malo omwe si olima a nthiti a nthito a nthito sakhala ndi malire.
Triopropyl phosphate, yemwe adapangidwa bwino ndi kampani yayikulu ya Swiss Federal mu 1968, kutengera kwa chilengedwe chonse, kusakaniza kutentha pang'ono, kupsinjika kwa kutentha kwamphamvu komanso kupsinjika. Kukonzekera ndi kupanga kwa a Triophyropybylbenene phosphate ndiosavuta, njira zopangira zopangira ndi magwero, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polymer, polymer yachilengedwe ndi minda yopanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zolimbitsa thupi.
Yang Merfen et al. adawonetsa kuti njira yotsiriza ya oxygen yowonjezera yowonjezereka ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa moto wobwezeretsedwa. Kuphatikizidwa kwa Bis (2-carboxyathyl) monohexamethylamine phosphate anali 6% (gawo lalikulu), mtengo wa loi ungafike 2,8. Mayeso adawonetsa kuti gawo la Bis (2-Carboythyl) Monohexamethylamine phospharen nylon wa Ul-94.
Wange zhangyu et al. Amawonjezedwa ndi polymerization wa nyloni wa nylon momemer ndipo amatha kuwonetsera molyphosphate polyphometer (MPP) ya polymerization. Zotsatira zake zonse zinkawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa MPP mu monomer komwe kumafika 25% (gawo lalikulu la Flamerer ndi)
Phosphorous Typer Retards ali ndi maubwino apadera a osawopa, otsika kwambiri, kutetezedwa kwa chilengedwe ndi zinthu zina pang'onopang'ono za kafukufuku wa anthu.
2.2 Nitrogen Mtundu wa Flame Wopepuka
Pakadali pano, Nitrogen Flame Ochenjera imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zomanga mphamvu ku China. Mwa mitundu ikuluikulu ya Nitrogen Flame Ordantrants, melamine amaumikani ndipo zotumphukirana zawo ndizofunikira. Chimodzi mwazinthu zochititsa chidwi ndikuti lala lawo lakuyaka, kuwonongeka ndi kuyamwa kwamphamvu kwabwino, kopanda vuto komanso zopanda pake komanso zopanda pake.
Chiyu
Chithunzi patsamba: KOON Flame Borday Webusayiti Yovomerezeka
Makina ogulitsa a nayitrogeni obwezeretsanso ma flardants awiri mphambu atatu ndi atatu, ndipo amatulutsa ma atomu osankha a nitrogen, omwe angachepetse kwambiri Oxygen ndende pomwe imatentha kutentha kuti izizire. Nitrogenious Flarme Obwebweweretsa ndi mtundu watsopano wamoto wovuta wokhala ndi poizoni wochepa, wosauka wosauka komanso wokhazikika.
Mitundu yayikulu ya nitrogen flardants ndi ma triazine cyclokeskone compours, melamine zotumphukira, etc. gogsma et al. Anaphunziranso kuti Mca adawonjezera ku Polyamide ali ndi vuto lalikulu pakuchita kwa polyamidi. Ripoti lofufuzira linawonetsa kuti: chowonjezera choyenera cha MCA mu nylon sichingathetseretu moto wopangidwa ndi ly94v-0, loi amatha kukhala wamkulu kuposa 31.0%.
Wang qi et al. Anawonjezera mtundu watsopano wa dialper yofalikira kwa MCA Polymer (FS-MCA) Kukonzekera Nyimbo Yobwezeretsa Nyan Plames Partle Asser Custing Stoner Pargreation. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri ndi yunifolome bwino kwa mamolekyulu obwereza mu polymer pa 46 ukhoza kuchitika, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri moto wa MCA Flamentant pa66.
Dianluo adakonzekera bwino mankhwala osinthidwa ndi mphamvu zotsika komanso mphamvu yotentha pochiza thupi la ma molecular otsika naylon.
Mkayu.10 MCA Flame-Retarday Nylon Masterbatch
Chithunzi: Polypetrochemical
Poyerekeza ndi MCA, kusinthidwa mca ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera ndipo ndikosavuta kuyenda ndikubalalika mu pa66 utoto. Makina osinthika a MCA adawonjezeredwa pa Pa66 Mamerix ali ndi madzi ambiri, labwinobwino lolema komanso lolimbikitsira mphamvu zamakina. Chifukwa chake, momwe MCA idatha kuthana ndi zovuta za mca. Limaperekaukadaulo wolonjeza, pogwiritsa ntchito MCA yosinthidwa iyi ikhoza kukhala yokonzekera bwino kwambiri lamoto wolanda Retardant pa66.
2.3 phosphorous-nayitrogeni flowar flamer
Mfundo ya Flameval yobwereza imatchulanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zitatuzi komanso zamankhwala zosintha zamoto zomwe zimapitilirabe mpweya woyaka, kuti zitheke. Zigawo zazikuluzikulu zimamalizidwanso ndi mpweya, masitepe ndi mpweya.
Mphepo yamkuntho ya mkuyu.11
Chithunzi patsamba: tsamba lovomerezeka la Hongtaiji
Kaboni Zipangizo zokhala ndi kaboni nthawi zambiri zimakhala za zoyaka. Komabe, chifukwa cha mankhwala a kaboni chokha, pambuyo pa kuwola kwambiri mpweya-kutentha kwambiri komanso njira zina, nthawi zambiri zimasungunuka pang'ono ndi kaboni kena, yomwe imapangitsa kuti dontho la kaboni litayikiridwa ndikuwonongeka kwa mpweya mutatha kuyamwa ndi njira zina.
Monga momwe dzinalo limanenera, acid imanena za ambiri a polyphosphate tsiku lililonse. Magetsi ena otentha kwambiri okhala ndi mankhwala a polyphosphate amayendetsa mpweya wa polyphosphate wambiri pakuyatsa mawonekedwe a polymon kuti aletse nyama yamoto kuti ipitirize kutentha pang'ono.
Monga momwe dzinalo limatanthawuza, gwero la mpweya limatanthawuza magulu a gasi omwe ali mu mafupa opanga maboti otsika mtengo, kuti athetsenso mpweya wambiri womwe watulutsidwa mobwerezabwereza,
Zhang xujie et al. Anakulitsa mtundu wa chitetezo zachilengedwe, phosphorous wobiriwira ndi wogwira bwino ntchito ndi Nitrogeni mndandanda wa Flameryard wowonjezera amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira Flamentant ya Flamentant Nylon. Kutentha kophatikiza kwa zinthu zam'manja kwa lyvon zopangidwa ndi kukonzekera kumatha kufikira mulingo wa EU UL94V, womwe umathetsa vuto wamba la madontho osungunuka a Nylon. Komabe, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa ma hydrocarbons onunkhira mu zinthu zowoneka bwino kwambiri kumeneku, kumayambitsa chotupa kwambiri mu Flamerday Form Systems of Nylon chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphete ya Benzene. Chifukwa chake, alipo zovuta zambiri mu mawonekedwe a lawi la nayitrogeni ndi mankhwala a phosphorous m'dziko lathu, lomwe likufunika kupitilizidwa.
Kutentha koyambirira ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa phosphorous - nayitrogeni kuchulukitsa Flame Starday nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 200 ℃. Kuchepetsa thupi kunafika 5% pafupifupi 240 ℃, ndipo kuchuluka kwa Pyrulysis pofika 378 ℃ kunalinso kwakukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi panthawiyo. Zotsatira zomaliza zinali kuti nthawi yotentha inali pafupifupi 600 ℃, kuwola kwamoto kwa moto kumatha kumalizidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa misa kungafike pafupifupi 36.5%.
Li Xia et al. Choyamba cholumikizidwa ndikuyeza magulu awiri a carboxyl popanga nayitundu wa nayirogeni-phosphorus wolanda. Anthu adazigwiritsa ntchito, zingatengekenso ndi cyclophosphine ndikuwola mu lawi la mchere, ndipo pamapeto pake adasinthanitsa ndi nylon 46 lala.
Kuyesa koyesa kunawonetsanso kuti Loi wake anali woposa 27.1% Ndipo mu njira yolumikizira yolumikizira idzaonanso pamtunda pang'onopang'ono adapanga zofewa pang'onopang'ono komanso yunifolomu makulidwe a carbonale osanjikiza, kuti athetse njira zopsereza zowuma. Katemera wosanjidwa ndi phosphorous - nayitrogeni wowonjezera Flame Stardant akuwonetsedwa mu chithunzi pansipa.
Ⅲ.Pomaliza ndi chiyembekezo
Maonekedwe a phwi la ntchentche wa halogen amapangitsa kuti pakhale zinthu zamoto zam'madzi mu ntchito yolumikizirana sizingatulutse zinthu zilizonse zomwe zimabweretsa zomwe munthu akuchita komanso chilengedwe. Zochitika za Blamel-Free Flame zobwezera za polyamide zimayamba kukhala chinthu chodziwika pamsika. Flande-Free Flamerents Red phosphorous ndi cyanuric acid ndi mitundu iwiri ya zinthu za polyamidi yopanga msika ndi chitukuko cha chitukuko.
Mphepo ya -113 ya Blameday
Chithunzi patsamba: Demu la pulasitiki
Phosphorous ofiira ali ndi moto wapamwamba komanso wowongolera bwino, motero amatha kukonza mogwirizana ndi zinthu zomwe zasungidwa ndi zogulitsa zomwe zimasungidwa ndi zowonjezera za Nylon 6.
Chite.14
Vula lina latsopano la Halogen-Free Retard lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku Polyamide ndi Ulamine UATE. Zigawo zazikuluzikulu zitha kukhala zopanda mchere mchere komanso zonunkhira zamchere za phosphate. Ngakhale ali ndi moto wabwino woletsa, ali ndi bata. Chifukwa cha ma oxidations ake osavuta ndi chinyezi cham'madzi, magwiridwe antchito amagetsi a zinthu izi ndi osauka pansi pa kutentha kwambiri komanso malo achinyontho.
Mkuyu.15 melamine cyangoric acid
Chithunzi patsamba: XIucheng Mankhwala Ovomerezeka
Ngakhale zinthu zina zodziwika bwino zopanda pake zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu pepalali zimakhala ndi zovuta zawo, zonsezi zimakhala ndi mavuto, owoneka bwino kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndi kuchepa kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, lawi la rewardant zotsatira za inorgantic kapena zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera nthawi zambiri sizikhala zabwino.
Chifukwa chake, akatswiri ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zophatikizira ziwiri kapena zopitilira ziwiri zamoto zowonera nyama zopitilira muyeso, ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri kuti apange zovuta zapamwamba. Pakadali pano, mphamvu ya nitrogen-photogen nthochi yokhazikika ndiyokwera, malo osungirako msika pamsika ndi ochulukirapo, ndipo malonda ndi obiriwira komanso osokoneza bongo.
Chifukwa chake, nayirogeni ndi phosphorous flardeants ndi amodzi mwa njira yofunikira kwambiri yamtsogolo yomwe ili m'munda wa Flame Kubwezeredwa kwa zida za polymer ku China. Pakadali pano, ambiri amoto wakale adatulukira pamsika.
Timapereka mitundu yonse ya ma phologen, phosphoous ndi blam a bromene obwereza, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi makasitomala ku Europe ndi United States.
Funsani ndi kulandiridwa nthawi iliyonse:yihoo@yihoopolymer.com
Post Nthawi: Feb-27-2023