Mu 2021, kuchitika kwa China pa China ndi matani 5.715 miliyoni, ndipo akuyembekezeka kufikira 6,55 miliyoni mu 2022, ndikukula kwa 7.5%. Par's Pa6 ili ndi gawo lalikulu. Padziko lonse lapansi, magawo 55% amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ulusi, ndipo pafupifupi 45% amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafilimu, zamagetsi, matani a pa 2021, pafupifupi 20% yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapulasti a engirics.
Pa Nylon Black Granolar
Kuyambira pa 2021 mpaka 2022, mtengo wa pa Pa6 nawonso unadutsa maulamuliro angapo.
NYNA 6 (Pa6) Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani agalimoto, mayendedwe apakaitali, makanema apamafilimu, zida zamagetsi ndi nsalu. Ngakhale mayendedwe ake okwanira ali abwino kwambiri, amakhalanso ndi zolakwika zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, pa 6 sakhala ndi acid acid ndi alkali kukana, ndipo mphamvu zamphamvu sizikhala zotsika kutentha komanso malo owuma. Kupezeka kwa Bydrophilic Base kudzapangitsa kuti madzi otsekemera azikhala ndi madzi ochulukirapo, ndipo modekha modelus, mphamvu zolimba, zimakhudzanso mphamvu pambuyo pake madzi, motero azikhala okhazikika pang'ono pazinthu komanso zamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuphunzira kusintha kwa pa6.
Pa6 amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto
Pa6 amagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba
- Ntchito pa6
Zinthu zosewerera zimakhala ndi gwero lalikulu, lomwe ndi maziko ake opanga mafakitale. Chifukwa cha makonzedwe okhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake, phazi limatha kupanga maupangiri ambiri a hydrogen pakati pa macromolecles, motero amakhala ndi crystality. Nthawi yomweyo, ilinso ndi mikhalidwe yabwino mu makina, mankhwala opatsirana, kuphatikiza zina, kuphatikiza:
(1) Mphamvu yayikulu ndi kubisira mphamvu;
(2) Kukaniza kwabwino;
(3) Kukaniza kwapamwamba;
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(7) Zotchinga zabwino;
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Pofuna kupatsa mphamvu patatu mwamphamvu, osinthira osiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa, omwe ndi owonjezera wamba ndi fiber. Elastomer kapena mphira wodzola monga ndakatulo, sbr, kapena epdm nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa kuti apereke mphamvu. Ngati kulibe zowonjezera mu malonda a pa 20, zopangira pulasitiki zili ndi chiwongola dzanja cha 1% mpaka 1.5%, ndipo kuwonjezera kwa galasi la galasi kumapereka chinthu ndi chiwongola dzanja cha 0.3%. Zina mwa izo, kuyamwa kwazinthu ndi maliro a zinthuzo ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti msonkhano wawukulu ukhale nawonso ziwalo zapulasitiki ndi khoma limakhalanso ndi vuto lenileni.
Fiber
Poe Elastomer
Kuuma kwa pa 20 kwa jekeser Kuumba ndikosavuta kuyamwa madzi, motero ayenera kuphatikizidwa kwambiri ndi chithandizo chouma asanakonzekere. Ngati zinthu zoperekedwa zimakutidwa ndi zinthu zosagwedezeka, chidebe chimayenera kusungidwa. Chinyezi chikakhala chachikulu kuposa 0,2%, mpweya wotentha uyenera kusankhidwa kuti zisame mosalekeza osakwana 80 ℃ for 16h; Ngati zinthuzo zikuwonekera mlengalenga kwa osachepera 8h, iyenera kukhala vacuwam youma pa 105 ℃ kwa opitilira 8h.
- Zopanga za pa6
1.To-siteji ya polymerization
Magawo awiri a polymerization amagawidwa magawo awiri: kutsogolo polymerization ndi kumbuyo kwa polymerization. Nthawi zambiri, ndizoyenera kupanga zinthu zazitali za mafakitale monga nsalu ngati ulusi. Magawo awiri a polymerization makamaka amaphatikizanso njira zitatu: Pre - ndi post-molymeution ndi post-desiction polymerization ndi post-curmer inlymerization. Pakati pawo, njira yofinya polymesition polymerization imaphatikizapo ndalama zambiri komanso mtengo waukulu, wotsatiridwa ndi pre-ntymerization polymerization. Pre - ndipo post-cent-curmesting polymerization ili ndi mtengo wotsika ndipo sizikufuna ndalama zambiri.
2. Njira Yopitilira Ma Polymerization Njira
Polymerization polymerization pansi pa kukakamizidwa kwa mlengalenga amagwira ntchito popanga siliva wa pa 20, womwe umapangidwa ndi kampani ya Noy ku Italy ndiye woimira kwambiri. Njirayi imadziwika ndi yayikulu-sikisi yopitilira polymerization pa 260 ℃ ya 20h. Magawo adapezeka mu gawo la madzi otentha. Oligomers atauma ndi mpweya wa nayitrogeni, moornemers adachiritsidwa ndi kuchotsera, ndipo njira zopitilira zopitilira zida zimayambitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Njirayi yakhala ndi danga labwino kwambiri kupanga, zokolola zapamwamba kwambiri, zokolola zambiri, ndipo sizikhala pamalo akulu kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito, ndi njira yachitetezo cha silk.
3.Kupangitsa hydrolysis polymerization
Njira ya batch hydrolysis polymerization imagwiritsa ntchito ketulo yolimbana ndi ma polymer. Njirayi ndiyoyenera kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pulasitiki yamiyala. Kudyetsa nthawi imodzi, pambuyo pomwe (kutulutsa kwa nthawi imodzi) ndi kupanikizika kwa nayitrogeni kudula, kuchotsa, pambuyo pouma kukonza pa6. Njira yowonjezera ya polymerization ikhoza kugawidwa m'magawo atatu: gawo loyamba ndi madzi obwera mphete; Gawo lachiwiri lomwe limatukula ma polymerization; Gawo lachitatu ndi njira yofanana.
Batch Melmerization ndioyenera kupanga mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zazing'onoting'ono, zimatha kupanga zinthu zozizwitsa ndi korsolymerization pa ma polymerization ndizokwera, zopanga zabwino zimakhala zosauka.
4.Twin-screst otamandidwa molymerization
Twin-SChoni Yopepuka Kupitilira njira ya polymerization ndi ukadaulo watsopano womwe umayambitsidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa. Imatengera anionic calmericatic polymerization ndi caprolactim imayambitsidwa ndi madzi osankha kenako imalowa mosalekeza Twin-screwr. M'mapazi otayika, zomwe zimachitika zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mutsogolere ndi kusinthasintha kwa screw, ndipo misa yake yazikulu imapitilirabe. Zinthu zotsika mtengo zimachotsedwa ndi staum system ya ma Twin-screpler, ndipo polymer imakhazikika ndikusemedwa, owuma komanso owuma.
Njirayi ili ndi mawonekedwe opanga pang'ono opanga komanso njira yosavuta yopangira, ndipo monomer osaneneka ndi mabowo otsika amatha kusinthidwanso atachotsedwa ku dongosolo, ndipo zomwe zili pazomwe zimachepa kwambiri, popanda kuchotsa. Madzi a kagawo ndi ochepa, nthawi yowuma ndi yochepa, imatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Nthawi yomweyo, kulemera kwakuti kumachepetsa thupi kumatha kulamulidwa ndi nthawi yokhazikika ya zinthuzo m'matumbo ogulitsa.
- Phunzirani pa kusintha kwa pa6
Kusintha kwa 1.Eekha
Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa ma hydrogen zomangira mu mamolekyulu a pa6, kusinthasintha kwake komanso mphamvu zake sizingakhudzidwe. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa hydrogen Consernen, mphamvu yamakina ya pa6 idzakhala yofananira. Ma atomu a kaboni kwambiri, amakhala nthawi yayitali yosinthika, yopirira. Makina omwe amapangira zojambula pa 6 amatha kukonzedwa ndikuwonjezera fiber. Funragonal Zno ali ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri. Kutengera izi, zotsatira za phunziroli pazomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitseko za ZNO pa PRUSHET PROICE Nurker zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zokhala ndi mafayilo omwe ali ndi 5%, ndikuwonjezera mankhusu a kuwongolera ndi kuyamwa kwa zinthuzo. Phulusa la Ntchentche lidathandizidwa ndi ntchito ya Silne Coppling kenako ndikudzazidwa ndi chinthu choponya pa pa6 kuti musinthe. Zogulitsa zomaliza zinali ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwa matenthedwe, kungokhala ndi mayamwidwe amadzi.
2.
Mlozera wa oxygen wa pa 20 ndi 26.4, womwe ndi woyaka. Malamulo ndi malamulo adziko limafunikira momveka bwino lamoto wokhazikika wa zida za polymer, motero ndikofunikira kuphatikiza kufunikira kwakukulu kwa Flamestan kusintha kwa pa6 pomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazogulitsa zamagetsi. Flameledy ya aluminiyam hypophosphate ndiyabwino kwambiri muzinthu zomwe zimakonzedwa ndi mchere wamchere wa zitsulo zokhala ndi Pa6. Pamene zomwe zili ndi aluminiyam hypophosphate ndi 18%, kuwunika koyaka kwa zinthuzo kungafike 25, ndipo ul94 ikhoza kufikira kalasi ya V-0.
Melamine cyanoric acid (MCA) yosinthidwa ndi phosphorous yofiyira imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati lalaya wobwezeretsa pa 20. Phosphorous ofiira amatha kulepheretsa mapangidwe a mitengo yayikulu ya haidrogen pakati pa Melamine ndi cyanuric acid, motero amayeretsa MCA Chifukwa chake, kusinthidwa kwa MCA kumatha kusewera gawo lokhazikika mu gawo la gawo lambiri ndi gawo la gasi, lomwe limapangitsa kusintha kwa zinthu zamoto zakukhota kwa pa6. Kuchepetsa malire kwa oxygen (Loi) mwa gululi adasinthidwa ndikuwonjezera Guaniidinic sulfonic acid mu pa6 matrix pophatikizira. Kuyeserera kolunjika komwe kumawonetsa kuti zokolola za madontho osungunuka zidachepetsedwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi 3%, ndipo zowonjezera za Guanidine Sulfonic alled sizinali zosakwana 5%.
Phosphorous
Kusasintha kwa 3.Tugung
Pakukhumudwa ndi kusinthidwa kumatha kupezeka powonjezera utoto kapena elastomer mpaka pa utoto uwu kenako ndikuphatikiza ndi kututa.Pamene wovulalayo ndi woloweza sbs, njira yolumikizira yophatikizira ya SBS yolowetsedwa ndi pa6 imapezeka ndi njira yopumira. Kuchuluka kwa sbs yophulika kumawonjezeredwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dongosolo lizikhala bwino. Poyerekeza ndi Pulogalamu ya Pa6 ndi EPDM, EPDM idalumikizidwa ndi telhydride imakhala ndi mphira wabwino komanso luso lapuliji komanso mphamvu yayitali. Mlingo wa Epdm wokometsedwa ndi ulel anhydride anali 15%, zinthu zophatikizika zinali ndi zaka 9 zimakhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa pa 6 zakuthupi.
SBS ATGESEENCE AMENE
GOFTETER: Guofeng mphira ndi pulasitiki
Kusinthika kwa 4.Fill
Kufalikira kwachuma kumawonjezeredwa mu utoto wa Pat, ndipo zida za compos yosinthika zitha kupezeka pambuyo pophatikiza komanso zotamanda. Kugwiritsa ntchito silicon carbide ngati firmal Iller Filler, Coppling Ager Kh560 ndi EPOXY Incle E51 Kuthana ndi Kuphatikizika kwa Osewera Mukadzaza kuchuluka kwa mafuta othamanga, kutalika kwa pateni ndi kusintha kwamphamvu komanso kusintha kwa crystallization, kukana kutentha kwa mapangidwe a kophatikizanso.
Silicon Carbide
Zogulitsa zomwe zapezeka kuchokera pa pa 20 ndi organic Montmorite yemwe amachitiridwa ndi kusungira jakisoni wa jakisoni ali ndi mikangano yabwino komanso kuvala madzi. Offer ndi aluminium ufa, gawo lapansi ndi porpolymer pa6 ndi pa66, ndipo zophatikizirazo zitha kukonzedwa ndi kusungunula. Zomwe zili mu aluminium ufa zimachulukana, kulimba kwa matenda ophatikizika kumawonjezera kenako kumachepetsa, ndipo modumphaka kumawonjezeka, pomwe kukhudza mphamvu kumakula. Pambuyo podzaza phulusa phulusa mu pa 20
5.Pa
Pa6 alloy ali ndi gulu la magawo angapo, ambiri omwe amapangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri yomwe imaphatikizira polymer, kumenmeralmer ndi block complymer amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pa6 ndi Mwamuna Waulhdride Women Polyproplene (PP-G-Mah) Pambuyo pophatikiza mawu ophatikizikawo, kuchuluka kwa manyowa ndi otsika kwambiri kuposa pa6.
Odor Odor Mwaul
Makina otsika otsika polyethylene (LDEP), Mwamuna) Kenako, kuphatikiza kwa dpe-g-mah ndi pa6 kumatha kukonzedwa ndi njira yophatikizira yophatikizidwa ndi pang'ono pa6. Mlingo wa teshydride anali 1.0, zophatikizika ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zowoneka bwino zomwe zingapezeke. Mlingo wa testa anhydride adasungidwa gawo la 1.0, kusintha kwa DCP sikungakhale ndi mphamvu kwambiri pazinthu za zophatikizika. Mlingo wa DCP unali 0,6, kulimba mtima kwakukulu kwa zophatikizana kungapezeke.
Zitsanzo Zakale za ukadaulo wa pa 20 za ku Switzerland, Nowalyland ya Italy, ndi Kart Kischer ndi Zimmer. Pamaziko a kuphunzira ukadaulo wapamwamba ndi luso lakutsogolo, dziko lathu limakoka, limapangitsa kuti machubu ambiri azisintha (monganso njira zina za masitima), mbewu zazikulu zimafunikirabe.
Kutha kwa polymerization ku China kwasungabe kukula msanga, ndikupanga mphamvu yopanga kuposa Pa66. Panthawi ya pakali pano, kafukufuku wosinthika wa pa6 amalimbikitsidwa makamaka chifukwa cholimbikitsa, choponderapo, ndikuthana ndi magulu a magetsi (popanga maulendo ake ndi utoto wa acidic). Ngakhale kusintha kwamtunduwu kumachitika makamaka pophatikiza zinthu zapadera, njira zosinthira zakuthupi komanso zomwe zimachitika ndizoyeneranso. Ndi chitukuko chowonjezera cha ukadaulo wamakono, zida za nano zimatha kuyambitsa kusintha kwa zinthu za pa6 kuti zitheke, mphamvu zazikulu, kutentha kwambiri, kuti tikwaniritse zofunikira za minda yosiyanasiyana.
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Nthawi Yolemba: Mar-16-2023